Allaikhovskii govor evenov IAkutii (Russian Edition)

rjJABA II

MOPOOJIOrMHECKHE OCOBEHHOCTM
AJIJIAHXOBCKOrO TOBOPA

^acTH peMH B fuuiaHxoBCKOM roBope jitJisiTCsi Ha SHaMeHaTejiBHue h
HesHaMeHaxejibHue. CpcAH SHaMeHaxejibHiiix Macreii pcMH mh, corjiacHO
xpaAHi^HH, BhmejiflCM HMena cymecTBHxejibHhie, npmiararejibHHe, 4hc-

JIHXe/IbHWe, MeCXOHMCHHH, HapCMHH H TJiarOJI B paSJIHHHMX (J)yHKUHO-

HajibHbix (JxjpMax, CpcAH HeaHaMCHaxejibHMx ^acxeH pcMH pasrpaHHMH-
Baroxcfl c;iy:Ke6HHe c/iosa, c o;^hoh cxopoHw, h xjiaccw cjiob c Mo^ajib-

HO-3KCnpeCCHBHMM SHaMCHHeM - C APyrOM. K nepBbIM OTTHOCSLTCSL
nOCJiejIOFH, MaCXHI^H H C0K)3bI, KO BXOpbIM — MeSKAOMeXHfl H SByKOHOA-

pa^aHHs.

Cor;iacHO xpaAH^HH, onHcanHe oxMMeHHbix A^pHsaxoB HSJiaraexca b
cjiCAyiomeM nopaflKc: c;iOBOo6pa30BaHHe hmchh, oiOBOHSMeHeHHe hmc-
HH. OnHcaHHC HMCHHHx (t)opMOo6pa3yK)mHx noKasaxejiCH, saHHMaio-
mHx npoMCSKyxoMHoe nojio^KCHHe MtTKjxy c;iOBOo6pa30BaxejibHbiMH m
cjiaBOHSMCHHxejibHbiMH, pacnpeAe;ieHO no 3xhm AsyM pa3Ae;iaM. Tax,
HanpHMcp, yMCHbraHxejibHwe h ynoAo6Hxe;ibHHe ())opMH (xnna opKandn
«ojieHeHOK», opoMdaA «BpoAe ojieHb») paccMaxpHBaKyrca b pa3Ae;ie aio-
BC>o6pa30BaHHe. OopMa oxHOCHxejibHoii npHnaAJie^KHOCxH na — /^ — (cp.
diuia-ti-y «ro;iOBa ojichh h x, n., npHHaA^e;Kaii^afl MHe»), HanpoxHB,
paccMaxpHBaexcfl no ceManxHwecKHM coo6pa;KeHHflM b pas^ejie cjiobohs-
MeHeHHH, nocBJin^eHHOM npnxHJKaxejibHbiM ({x)pMaM.

MMH CVmECTBHTEJIbHOE

1. CjiOBOo6pa30BaHHe

OcHOBy cjioBapHoro cocxaBa ajuianxoBCKoro roBopa cocxaBjiaKyr jiex-
ccMbi, HenpoHSBOAHue c xomkh spennii coBpeMCHHoro fl3HKOBoro cocxo-
HHHfl H HMeiomHe napajuiejiH b APyrHx roBopax 3BeHCKoro a3biKa. 3xo,

B MaCXHOCXH, xepMHHbl OJieHCBOACXBa, OXOXH, 6bIXOBaH /ICKCHKa, HasBa-

HHfl npHpoAHHx HBJieHHH M APymx noHAXHH, CBflsaHHbix c Maxcpnajib-
Hoii H AyxoBHOH KyjibxypoH 3BeHOB. OAHaxo c (JwpMajibHOH xoHKH 3pe-
HHfl 3XH xcMaxHMecKHe rpynnti ne npcACxaBjiflKyr cahhoh chcxcmm: b hx
cocxaB BX0A»x xax HenpoH3BOAHHe, xax h npoH3BOAHbie HMena. Ochob-
HHM cnoco6oM c;ioBoo6pa30BaHHfl HB;i«excfl cycjxJ)HKca;ibHb[M cnoco6.
IIpoHSBOAHbie HMena ACJiHxcfl na oxHMCHHHe h oxrjiaronbHwe.

a) OxbiMeHHbie cymecxBHxejibHwe. HaH6ojiee npoAyKXHBHWMH cycj)-

(})HKCaMH OXHMCHHHX CymeCXBHXCJIbHblX B aJUiaHXOBCKOM FOBOpC flBjXH-

20

EOTCH CJle^yK>m}lt (HH;Ke npHBOAflXCil XOJIbKO OCHOBHHC (tWHCTHMeCKHe

sapnaHTLi ccxrrBercTByiomHx cy4)4)HKCOB):

-pyK. 06pa3yeT Ha3BaHHH ojieHCH or HassaHHiH npeflMcxoB, nepeso-
JHMMX npH nepeKOMCBKax: Myfizapa-pyK «o-neHb, Besyn^HH BbiOHHyio cy-
My», uaKspa-pyK-uKspa-pyK «0JieHb, Besyn^HH kotjih h nocy;^y», upyt^a-
oyK «ojieHb, BcaymHH ^ep;:^H ocroBa iipaHrH»;

-A,^ 06pa3yeT nasBanHJi niKyp ox HasBaHHH ;khboxhwx, nanpHMep:
noHfidA «mKypa xejiCHKa, BbinopoxKa», afiSA <(mKypa ojieneHKa^;

-Adi^. 06pa3yex Ha3BaHHfl OAex^hi, nanpHMcp: my^Aaig, «3hmhjih
3Ae;Kfla», yda-Adii <^o;K;^eBHK», Abji-AS)^ «3HMHiiH a^teHCKaa o;^e;K;^a h3
[i!ii;K}iKa»;

-^. ripH noMomH 3xoro cy())({)HKca o6pa3yioxca HMena jihi^, nanpH-
vfep: H!uM3-f^ «coceA no ;ioMy», dyjua-ii «coceA no KBapxHpe», Mdma-ii

St3flXb»;

-ndn^ -man, 06pa3yK>x Ha3BaHHH npe^MexoB, Ha^eBaeMbix na mxo-
/ih6o, conpHKacaion^HxcA c MeM-jiH6o, nanpiiMep: yfia-ndn «HanepcxoK»,
^itma-ndn «omeHHHK», mufia-man «no;^npyra BbioMHoro ceAJia». 3xox
:y4)(J)HKC o6Hapy;KHBaexcfl h b cocxase hckoxophx cymecxBHxejibHhrx,
»enpoH3BOAHbix c xoMKH 3peHH5i coBpeMCHHoro HSbiKa, nanpHMep: aiia-
nm «oxpocxoK 3aAHero oxBexBjienHfl pora o;ieH5i» h ;^p.;

-Mtia. 06pa3yex cymecxBHxe;ibHHe, o6o3HaMaK)iip[e poA sanHXHH; cp.
opdjind-Miid «ojieHeBOA» h opdn «ojieHb»;

-Md0H. 06pa3yex nasBaHHA, o6o3HaMaK)iitHe npHBbiMKy hjih cnoco6-
Hocxb K MeMy-jiH6o CO cxopoHw MCJiOBCKa 5UIH JKHBoxHoro, HanpHMep:

OHdil'Md^dH «XOX (OJlCHb), KOXOpHH JlK)6nT XOflHXb HJIH lUiaBaXb nO

BOAe», 63U'M30H «xox (ojicHb) , KoxopHH Hanaflacx Ha Me;iOBeKa».

Ciie^yex oxMCXHXb, mxo k MHCJiy hpohsboahhx cymecxBHxejibHbix,
MOXHBHpoBaHHbix HMeHaMH, oxHOCHxcfl H cy6cxaHXHBHpoBaHHwe npHjia-
raxMbHHe c cycJ)(})HKcaMH -wa, -/^aw, -Ha, -nan^ -ny, o6o3HaMaK)ii^e
MacxH ojieuen h cooxbcxcxbchho kjihmkh ojichch no MacxH (cm. HH:Ke b
pasACJie npujiaraxejibHMx) : Ayda-ny «Be;iOMopAMH», 6yp-Ha «HepHO-6y-

Pblil», MaJfimU-HSH «CBeXJIO-KOpHMHeBbiH».

6) OxrjiaroJibHbie cyu^ecxBMxejibHbie. KaK b cboc bpcma oxMexmia
B. H, IXHHUHyc, «rpynna oxr;iarojibHwx cymecxBHxejibHwx BecbMa pas-
HOo6pa3Ha h ABjisexcn oco6eHHO npoAyKXHBHOH» (IJ,HHi;Hyc 1947: 54).
CorjiacHO xpaAHipiH, mu KjiaccH4)HUHpyeM npoAyxxHBHHe cy4x})UKCbi no

SHaMeHHK) B SaBHCHMOCXH OX CCMaHXHKH OXFJiarOJIbHOFO HMCHH, o6o3Ha-

Maiomero «HMfl Ae«xe;iH», «hm« Mccxa AeHCXBHfl» h x. a.

-Mfid. 06pa3yex hmh Aeaxejia, HanpHMep: OadyhMfid «BcaAHHK na
o;ieHe» (ox Oadydau «exaxb») , amy-MiiB «cxopo;K, oxpaHHHK» (ox amydau
«cxopo:KHXb») , /cy^«{w-.M;i3 «nacxyx» (ox Kynnudau «nacxH»).

-ma, -Kyn, 06pa3yK)x hmh jiHi^a hjih :KHBOXHoro, oxapaKxepw-
30BaHHoro no ero npHBbiMKe hjih cnoco6HOCXH, aanpHMcp: Aofid-ma
«n;iaKca» (ox Aondau «aiaKaxb»), KyAu-ma «ApaujiHBbiH ojieHb)> (ox
KyAudau «ApaxbCH»), yKy-ma «o6 ojieneHKc cocyHKe» (ox yKmau «co-
caxb») ;

-jidh. 06pa3yex hmh jivm^a, xopomo BbinojiHaiomero A^HCXBHe, o6o3-
HaMCHHoe rjiarojiOM, HanpHMep: fiuMfia-jidn «xox, kxo xopomo paccKa-
3biBaex CKa3KH», uKa-Ji3H «xoponiHH neBei^»;

21

-JKA,««, -K.UH, -HOK', -nuK^ 'UUK, v^upa3yiuT Ha^BaHHS Mecra ^eHCTBH
HanpHMep: nyjiea-MKUH «MecTO KOMeBKH», Myjia-Kun «MecTo, rzie 6ep
BOfly», 63eda-H3K «6oJibHHua», dyuy-fisK «MecTO oxoth», dojidd-Aat;^ «w
CTO JKJV^ HoweBKii», add/iHu-datq «MecTO pbi6ajiKH»;

-H. 06pa3yeT HaasaHHe ;ieHCTBHH, HanpHMep: moMa-H «n;iaTa» (i
moMdau «iuiaTHTb»), Ao^d-n «njia4» (or no^idau «iuiaKaTb»);

-Ka. 06pa3yeT cjiosa, o6o3HaMaioiaHe npeflMerw, kotopumh nojib3>
lOTCfl npH ;^aHHOM a^hctbhh, nanpHMep: aeu-Ks «HrpymKa» (or ^ew-ds
«HrpaTb») ;

-eyn, -yn. 06pa3yeT cjiosa, o6o3HaHaH)mHe opy^HH ^eiiCTBHH, h*
SBaHHoro ocHOBOH rjiarojia, HanpHMep: yjiu-eyn «Bet;io» (or yjiudau «rp£
CTH») , ap-yn «jionaTa» (ot apdau «pa3rpe6aTb») ;

-mjia, 06pa3yeT oxrjiarojibHwe cymecTBHTe;ibHbie, o6o3HaMaK)api
no6oMHHH pesyjibxax AeHCTBHH, nasBaHHoro ochoboh r;iaro;ia, HanpB
Mep: ojidd-mjia «ii;enKH» (ox cuidddau «o6xecaTb»), spes-mju) «cxpy;KKH
(or apeadau «cxporaxb»), dypy-mjia «rojiOBemKH» (ox dypydau «3a*q
nHXb»);

-muhi. 06pa3yex HassaHHa pa3;iHMHHX coMjieneHHwx npe;iMeTOi|
B03HHKaiomHx B pesyjibxaxe aeHCXBHJi: muriKa-muH «ko.iwiiick n,nf
yKpeimeHMfl wyMa» (ox munKandsu «BOTKHyxb KO-fi»), natiaH-mun «ujob>
(ox hahiandau «niHXb»).

2. CjiOBOHSMeHeHHe

KaK H b jiHxepaxypHOM sbchckom $i3iiiKe, hmchh cymecxBMxc/ibHOM]
ajLfiaHxoBCKoro roBopa npHcymw rpaMMaxHMecKHe xaxeropHM Mwcjia
npHHajiJie^KHocxH, naj:ie>Ka.

a) KaxeropMfl HMCJia. Ilo oxhoiochhio k KaxeropwH MHCJia bcl cyme
CTBHxejibHhie B ajuiaHxoBCKOM roBope Moryx 6biTb pa3flejieHbi na tvieAy-
lon^ne xpn rpynnw:

1) cymecxBHxejibHbie, o6o3HaMaK)iime xo;ibKO CAHHHMHbiH npcflMel
(nacxo B CHJiy cboch ynHKajibHocxn) h hc HMeiomne (t>opMbi mh. m.,
HanpHMep: hiejimaH-^iyjimaH «co;iHue», luidH «Mec5m, ;iyHa», otidni
«Hoc, MopAa», Muaedn «cep;^ue» h x. jx.\

2) cymecxBHxejibHbie, o6o3HaMaiomHe KaK eAHHHWHOcxb, xaK m mho-^
;KecxBeHHocxb npe^MexoB b saBHCMMOcxH ox (J)opMhi (cooxBexcxBCHHO e;^.
H MH. M.): Kytia «pe6eHOK» — Kyua/i «;^exH», /^wh^ «co6aKa» — liundji
«co6aKH», mofiap «o3epo» — metiapaji «03epa» h x. a.; \

3) HecMHxaeMwe cymecxsHxejibHwe, o6o3HaMaK)mHe (tx)pMOM ca. h.
coBOKynHyio MHo;KecxBeHHocxb. CiOAa oxHOcaxca cymecxBHxejibHhie —
HasBaHHsi BemecxB h MaxepnajioB h x. a., HanpHMep: ondU «BOAa», ft^iin
«AbiM», uMandd «CHer»; poAOBue HaHMenoBaHHH xHna opdn «o-neHb (ao-
MamHHH)», dyuyn <<ahkhh o;ieHb». Ha necKOJibKo ycjiOBHHx ocHOBaHHsx
ciOAa ;Ke Moryx 6bixb oxHeceHw o6o3HaHeHHa napHbix npeAMexoB xnna
udndji «r;ia3a», damjia «Kphijib«», ff^opum «ymH» h x. a*

KaK BHAHO, B ajiJiaHxoBCKOM roBope Bce xpn rpynnw cymecxBHxejib-
HHx ynoxpe6;i3iK)xcfl b (tx)pMe ca. m., Koxopasi Mo;Kex o6o3HaHaxb KaK
eAHHHMHbiH npcAMex, xaK h coBOKynHocxb npeAMexoB, HanpHMep:
I rpynna: tiejiman -tiyjimaH «cojiHae» (xojibKO eA. ^-) — eAHHHMHOCXb;

22

T a 6;i M u a 11

06|>a30BaHHe (|>opMbi mh. <i. or Heyce^ieuHbix ochob Ha •
B ajuiaHxoBCKOM roBOpe

H

Efl. M-

ajui.

JIHT. (bOCI.)

3HaMeHHe

MH. M.

NfH. M.

opan

«ojieHb»

OpQJl

opap

OJieHM

MypaH

«;iomaA*»*

M^paji

Mypap

iiouiaAM

hyjiuimH

«jiHCMua»

hyjlUHQA

hyjiu^mp

;iMCMUbl

II rpynna: Kyfta «pe6eHOK» (cjx. m.) m Ky^a/i «AeTH» — cahhmm-

HOCTb/MHO;KeCTBeHHOCTb B SaBHCHMOCTH OT (})OpMbI CaVmH. M.;

in rpynna: opdn «ojieHb» (ca- h.) h opdn cmaddn «CTaAO o;ieHeH» (6yKB,

«CTaAO OJieHH») — eAHHHMHOCTb/MHOKeCTBeHHOCTb HCSaBHCHMO OT
(XtXJpMJieHHOCTH MH. H.

Ho cnoco6y o6pa30BaHH5i 4)opM mh. wncjia Bce ochob w Moryr 6hiTb
noApasACJieHw na cneAywn^Me Merwpe rpynnw:

1) cymecTBHTCJibHwe, OKaHMHBaiomHecfl na rjiacHbiH 3ByK, o6pa3yK)T
({)opMy MH. M. c noMombio cy(txt)MKca ~ji, HanpwMep: aeftd (eA- h.) «cyMKa
AJifl MCJiKMx BemeH)> — aehoji (mh. h.) «cyMKM»; amdKu (ca. 4.) «na-
yK» — amdKiui (mh. h.) «nayKH»; ypK3 (eA* 4.) «ABepb» — ypKSJi
(mh. h.) «ABepH)>;

2) 6ojibmHHCTBO cymecTBHTCJibHHx, OKaHMHBaiomHxcfl Ha corjiac-
HWH 3ByK, 3a HCKOTopbiM HCKJUOMCHMeM o6pa3yeT (}X)PMW MHO^eCTBen-
Horo MHCJia nocpeACTBOM cy(tKt)HKca -a c coeAHHHTejibHWMM rjiacHbiMM a^
a, Uy nanpHMep: adoji «ceTb» — addjicui «ceTH», upsf^ «;iHCTBeHHHn.a» —
upa^ji «jiHCTBeHHHi;bi»;

3) cymecTBHTCJibHwe, OKaHMHsaiomHecsi na -h (HeyceueHHwe ocho-
Bw na -h), o6pa3yiOT 4)opMbi mh. m. npH noMomH noKasaxejia -^, npMTOM

4TO KOHeMHbiif 'H OCHOBU yTpaMKBaCTCSI. B 3TOM OTHOUieHHH aJt/iaMXOB-

CKHH roBop o6Hapy^HBaeT cxoactbo c APyrHMH cpeAHe-3anaAHbiMM ro-
BopaMH (IJ,HHi^Hyc 1947: 84), ho OTjiHMaexca or boctomhmx rosopoB, b
KOTopux noKasaxejiCM mh. m. jyn^ stoh rpynobi ochob c;iy;KHT cy4)4'HKC
-p. Cp. (tx)pMbi MH. M. cymecTBMTe/ibHbix B ajijiawxoBCKOM roBope H B
BOCTOMHwx roBopax, nojioJKeHHbix B ocHOBy jiHTepaxypHoro 3BeHCKoro
asMKa (Ta6jiHua 11);

4) HMena CymeCTBMXeJIbHbie C 0C06bIMM (})OpMaMM MH0;KeCTBeHHOCTH.
B CHHCKe 3THX (t)opM, npHBCAeHHOM B. M. UMHU^HyC (UHHUMyC

1947: 85), ne Bce {|)opMbi BcrpeMaioxca b ajuiaHxoBCKOM roBope:
cp. JiHx. 3ti3U3-caji — ajui. 3fi3U3-ji «6orauH», jimx. AyHhiu-c3Ji —
ajui. hynfiu-ji «xo3HeBa (co6aKM)». B BepesoBCKOM roBope (Po66eK 1989)
6bLnH oxMeMCHw H Apyrwe nenpoAyKXHBHbie cy(txt)HKCfa[ mh. m. Flo Maxe-
pHajiaM ajuianxoBCKoro roBopa chhcok nenpoAyKXHBHbix cy(txt)HKCOB
mh. h. BKJiioiiaex cjieAyiomHe: -huji, -Acui, -pcui, -miuiy ~ua, Cp.: Aym
«pe6eHOK» — Aypaji «AexH», da^n «HaMajibHHK» — 630^ji «HaMajibHH-
KH», an^dn «cxapaiHH 6pax» — a^niui «cxapuiMe 6paxbH», omuh
«oxeu» — OMtnuji «oxuw» hjih oMuud, aiiiiud h x. a.

23

Ta6;iMua 12
06pa30BaHHe jiHqHO-npirni>KaTejibHbix (t}opM BaruiaHxoBcicoM roBOpe

Thti ochobu

1-e jumo

2-e jiHuo

3-c JDmo

EAMHCTBCHHOe

M M C Jl

1.

OcHOBbi Ha rjiacHbiH {yduKu

«iiOAejioMHasi AOiueMKa»)

y<)nKu-sy

yOuKU-h

yduKu-H

2.

OcHOBbi Ha corjtacHbm

UypKam «6opOAa» ycbi»)

eypeant-y

eypeama-A

eypeanw-H

3.

HeyceqeHHbie ckhobw Ha -«

{3MeyH «ce;vio»)

:}MeyH-My

3MeyH'hu

SMcyn-Hu

4.

OcHOBbi MH. q. (aOajiaji

«teTM»)

uOaAUJi-Oy

udaAUA'hu

adaAUA-Hu

M H (> >K

e c T B e H H e

M M C /I

1.

OcHOBbi Ha rjiacMbiM

yOuKu-m

y()UKU-h3H

yduKu-mmm

2.

OcHOBbi Ha cor/iacHbm

dypeam-a-m

eypeamli-Aan

iypcama-mman

3.

HeyceMCHHbie ochobw na -h

.meyH'fuu

SMdyn-hsH

3MeyH-m3H

4.

OCHOBbI MH. M.

aOaJioji-mu

uOaAOJi-haH

adaAammaH

MraK, KareropMH nucjia cymecTBHxejibHbix b a;iJiaHxoBCKOM roBope
npe^tCTaBjiflCT 6HHapHyK) onnosHUHio, npHweM 4)opMa cjx, h. b pasHwx
cjiyMasix o6o3HaMaeT ;tm6o eAMHMMHocTb, ;im6o MHOKecTseHHOcrb — co-
BOKynHOCTb npeAMCTOB.

6) KareropHfl npiiHaA;ie)KHOCTM. npHHaziJie^HOCTb o^Horo jih-
ua/npe^Mera z^pyroMy jiMuy/npei^Mery Bbipa^aercn b sbchckom H3faiKe
npH noMOiUH npMxa^axejibHbix OKOHuaHHH, kotophm o4)opM/[fleTCH o6-
jiaAacMoe. CocxaB h (j)opMa npHX3i;KaxejibHbix noKasaxejiew b ajuianxoB-
CKOM roBope o6Hapy>KHBaex puji oco6eHHocxeH, c6;iH«aiomHx ero c j^py-
rHMH cpeiXHe-3ana;^HWMH roBopaMH.

OpHxa^axejibHwe c}x)pMW ^ejisixca na jiMMHO-npHX5i>Kaxe;ibHhie, bos-
BpaxHo/6e3pa3JiMHHo-npHX5i^axejibHbie h oxHOCHxe;ibHO-npHXH»caxejib-

Hbie.

LJlHMHo-npHxa;Kaxe;ibHwe (l)opMH hmciox SHaMCHHC
«MOH», «xBOH», «ero» H X. A. B oxjiHMMe ox BOCxoMHwx roBopoB B napa-
flHrMC jiHMHO-npMXH^axejibHwx (})opM ajuiaHxoBCKoro roBopa oxcyxcxsy-
ex HCK;iK)MHxe;ibHaH (aiccKjiiosHBHaH) <}x)pMa 1 ji. mh. m. -gvh, KaK h

Ta6;iMi|a 13

06pa30BdHHe B03BpaTHo-npimi>KaTejibHbix (t)opM
B ajiaaHxoBCKOM roBope

Hhcjk)

OcHOBbI Ha

rjiacHbi^
«na;ibTO»

OcHOBbi Ha

corjiacHbift
Maeym
«apKaH»

OCHOBbI Ha

-H hupiCfiH
«HOJK»

Ochobu bo mh. m.

My}it3pdA
«Buo«iHbie cyMbi»

MH. '?.

m3mU'U"
msmu-eyp

Muc^ym-u
Moeym-yp

huph^a-Mu
hupH;q-Myp

Myfie3p^A-6u
Myti^3p3A-6yp

24

Ta6jiHua 14
06pa30BaHHe orraocirrejibHO-npirnDKarrejibHbix (t>opM b ajuianxoBCKOM roBope

Trni ocHOBU

1-e JMOf}

2-e jnmo

3-e JiHiio

Boaap.

E^MHCTBeHHOe MMCJIO

1.

OcHOBbi Ha rjiacHbiJi
{Honda «iiiKypa»)

Handa-n-y

HaHda-fi-a-h

HOHda-ti-a-H

HOHda-n-u

2.

OcHOBbi Ha corjiacHbiJi
ioHdam «ojieHb-MaHiaMK»)

OHdam-a~}i~y

OHdam-a-ii-a-h

OHdam-a-ii-a-H

OHdam-a-ti'U

3.

Heyce^CHHwe ochobw na -^
iOyuyn «amkm^ Q;ieHb»)

dyuy-n-y

6yuy-H-3h

6yuy-^-3H

Oyuy-fi-u

4.

OCHOBblMH. q.

id^umoji «icaMycbi»)

dfuvt-a-ti-a-ji-dy

ohoji-a-ti-a-A-hu

ofuvi-a-H-u-ji-Hu

dhaji-a-ti-a-A~6u

M H xc e c T B e H H e hhcjio

1.

OcHOBbi Ha niacHbiA

HOHda-n^-m

HOHda-n-a-fiaH

HaHda-n-a-nunaH

Honda-ii-a-syp

2.

OcHOBbi Ha comacHbift

OHdam-a-ti-am

OHiddm-a-ii-a-fiaH

OHdam-a~t^~a~mmaH

OHdam-a-n-yp

3.

Heyce^eHHbie ochobm na -ti

6yuy-ti-9-m

6yuy~fi-3-AbH

6yuy'}i~3'mm

6yuy~fi-yp

4

OCHOBbI MH. H.

dhoji-a-ti-a-ji-mu

dhaji-a-}i~a-ji-haH

dhoji-a-n-a-ji-moH

dhcui-a-fi~a~A-6yp

Ta6;iMua 15
na;ie»cHbie (|>opMiii, oGpasyeMue or ochob paajraHHuxiiinoB e cpaeHenHH c ({rapMaMH jiHreparrypHoro aaeHCKoro siSbiKa

ihmfiXH

BonpocH

1-fi

•ran

2-ft

•ran

3-ft

THn

4-ft

•ran

K najneACBM

ajui.

JIHT.

ajui.

JIHT.

aim.

jwr.

aJUL

JIHT,

Mm.

udK KTO? mol

_

_

„

_

_

_

_

„

Bhh.

uas Koro? HTO?

-6

-6

-y

-y

-M

-M

-6y

-6y

;iaT.

uady KOMy? b mcm?

-dy

-dy

-dy

-dy

-dy

-ay

-dy

~dy

Hanp.

WOKKU KKOMy?
K^ICMy?

-KKU

-rriKu

-rriKu

-maKu

-moKu

-maKii

-maKii

-nuxKii

MecT.

UOJia K KOMy? B MCM?

~jia

-jia

-jia

-JWL

-dyjia

-dyAu

-dyAU

-dyAa

npofl.

UQAU 3a Koro?
BflOJib qero?

-JIU

-AU

-AU

'JIU

-dyAu

-dyAu

-dyAu

-dyAU

Otji.

uadyK y Koro?
M3 Hero?

-dyK

'dyK

-dyK

-dyK

-dyK

-dyK

-dyK

-dyK

Hex.

ua^uH ot Koro?

OTMCrO?

-lUH

-euH

-euH

-ZUH

-ZUH

-HUH

-euH

-ZUH

Teop.

UUH KCM? qCM?

-H

-H

-(ah

-(a)H

-H*

-h'

-3U

'3U

Ha3H.

uaaau wrojuia ce6a?

-aa-

-ta-

-za-

-za-

-m-

-fiU-

-za-

-za-

COBM.

UaH'yH C KCM?

-H'yn

-H'yn

-H'yn

-nyn

-nyn

-nyu

-nyn

-nyn

Hanp.-

uauaKAa

-uuKJia

-KJia-

-uaKJia

-KJUl-

-uaKJia

-KAU-

-UOKAa

-KJia

MeCT.

npsiMO K MCMy?

Hanp.-

uauaKJiu

-uaKjiii

-fciu

-uaK-iii

-K,1U

-udKAU

-KAU

-UaKAU

-KAU

npofl.

npHMO BAOJib Mero?

cooTBercTByioiqee MecroHMCHHe 6y «mh (6e3 Bac)». Pha 4)opM xapaKxe-
pH3yeTC« (^HCTHMecKHMH oco6eHHOCTaMH. Tax, noKaaaxejib 1 ji. ca- h.

HMcex 4)opMy -& (cp. jiht. -0), 2-ro ji, ca. m. ^ (cp. jiht. -c), 2-ro

ji. MH. M. ^a/i (cp* JIHT, -can), 3-ro;i. mh. h. (nocne rjiacHoro) -mmaH

(cp, JIHT. -man).

2. Bo3BpaTHO-npHT5I5KaTeJIfaHMe 4)OpMI)I CA. M. H MH. M.

HMCiOT SHaMeHHu «CBOH» H «CBOH» (cM. Ta6jiHi;y 13).

3. OTHOCHTCJibHO-npHTiiataTejibHafl (t)opMa o6o3HaMaeT
Mbio-jiH6o OTMyaKAacMyK) npHHaAJieatnocTb; cp, diui-y «MOfl rojiOBa» h
diui-d-fi-y «npHHaAJie;Kaii^H mhc rojiosa (nanp. y6HToro 3Bepfl)».

ZI,aHHa5i (|)opMa BKJiiOMaeT homhmo npHTa^KaTCJibHux OKOHMamiH no-
KasaTCJib HeopraHHHecKOH npHHaAJiejKHocTH -/^-. IIpHBeACM napaAHntibi
HMen B OTHOCHTejibHO-npHT«;KaTejibHHx 4x)pMax (cm. Ta6jiHi;y 14).

4. riOMHMO OTMeMeHHblX BblUie THHOB npHTfl;KaTeJIbHIi[X 4)opM B aji-

jiaHXOBCKOM roBope npcAcraBjieHa h oco6aH «caMoCTOflTejibHasE>
npHTfl^KaTejibHaa (|)opMa na -/^m. Ona CKjwpMjiaeT hmh o6jiaAae-
Moro npcAMCTa h ynoTpe6jifleTCfl npeHMymecTBCHHO b no3HU,HH CKasye-
Moro. Cp.: 9p3K opdn 3muK3hiu «3tot ojienb — crapHxa^. 3p3K opdn
MUH^iu, mapaii — KytiUfiu hidn^ ahuiiu «3tot ojienb moh, a re — pe6eHKa

H ^eHn^HbI».

b) KaTeropHfl naAC:Ka. B ajuianxoBCKOM roBope, xaK h b jiHTcpaTyp-
HOM dBCHCKOM flsuKC, npcACTaBjieHO 13 naAe;KeH: HMeHHT&nbHHH, bh-

HHTCJIbHblH, A^TejIbHHH, HaopaBHTejIbHUH , MCCTHUH, OpOAOJIbHblH, Ha-
npaBHTCJIbHO-MeCTHHH, HanpaBHTCJIbHO-npOAOJIbHblH, OTJIO;KHTejIbHb[H,
HCXOAHUH, TBOpHXejIbHUH, COBMeCTHUH, a TaXXC HaSHaMHTCJIbHUH,

ynoTpe6jiHK)mHHCi! tojibko b coMCTaHHH c npHT««aTejibHHMH cy(txt)HK-
caMH. KaK BHAHO H3 Ta6jiHi;bi 15, naAe:KHa5i CHcreMa b ajuianxoBCKOM
roBope xapaKTepH3yeTC« cjiCAyiomnMH oco6eHHOCT3iMH. Jl,Ba naAe;Ka —
HanpaBHTejibHO-MecTHHH h nanpaBHTejibHO-npoAOJibHUH — npcAcraB-
jieHbi noKasaTCJiaMH, otjihmhmmh ot tcx, Koropbie BCTpeMaioTC« b boc-
tohhmx roBopax. HanpaBHTejibHO-MecTHWH hmcct noKa3aTeJib -ud/aia,

HanpaBHxejibHO-npoAOjibHHH udKJiu (cp. cooTBCTCTBeHHO JIHT. (jx)p-

Mhi Ha -Kjia H Ha -Kjiu). KaK npeACTaBjiaeTca, 3th naAe^KHue 4)opMaHTbi

flBJISK)TC» COCraBHblMH: HX BTOpbie KOMHOHeHTbl {-JUl H -jiu) coBnaAaK>T

c noKasarejiHMH MecTHoro h npoAOJibHoro naAe;KeH cooTBCTCTBeHHo, a
nepBUH KOMHoneHT -udK — noAnepKHBaer HanpaBJiCHHOcrb no OTHome-

HHK) K TOMy HJIH HHOMy HpeAMCTy. Cp. df-JLU «B AOMC, K AOMy» —

df-udfCJia «npflMO k AOMy»; df-jiii «mhmo AOMa» — d^ud/cjiu «np5iMO

MHMO AOMa».

OopMa noKasaTCJifl HanpaBMTejibHoro naAessa TaK^e o6Hapy;KHBaeT
MacTHHHoe OTjiHMHC OT jiHTcpaTypHOM: nocjie rjiacHoro oh npcAcraBJieH

aJIJIO(t)OHOM ~KKU (cp. JIHT, -niKu) ,

MMa nPHJIAFATEJIbHOE

B ajuianxoBCKOM roBope npHjiaraTCJibHoe Kax ^acTb pe^n xapaKTC-

pHSyCTCH OC06OH CeMaHTHKOH, MOp(JX)JIOrHMeCKHMH 4>0PMaMH H CHHTaK-

CHMecKHMH (})yHKi^H5iMH, IIpHjiaraTejibHoe noAHHHfleTCfl cyu^ecTBHTeju»-

27

POCCHflCKAH AKAflEMHa HAYK
HHCTHxyr npo6jieM MajiowHCJieHHbtx napoflOB Cesepa
HKyxcKoro Hay^Horo ucHxpa CH6HpcKoro 0TfleJieHH5i

BBK 81.2

A.84

^o^-fSSc^cPtS

B MOHorpa(|)MM onwcaHbi (|)OHeTMt]ecKMe, Mop(|)OJiorMMecKMe m /leKCMMecKMe oco6eHHO-
CTM ajiJiaMxoBCKoro roeopa, oxapaKTcpMSOBaHbi paapHAbi ero jickchkh.

X.M. AYTKHH

MAMXOKlM

m roBOP ^

OTBCTCTBeHHwft pc^aKTop K. 4), H. A. Jf. MAMbHYKOB
PeucHseHTbi: A A BYPhlKMH, B. A. UIBAPEB

■'H/v(M

™

CaHKT-neTep6ypr

„HAyKA"

1995

4602020400-406

042(02)-92 ^^ ^^ *

ISBN 5-02-028188-3

©X.H.AyTKHH, 1995

© PoccKficKaa axaAeMHsi nayK, 1 995